The Science Of How A Wetsuit Keeps You Warm

Written By Angela Horacek

THE SCIENCE OF HOW A WETSUIT KEEPS YOU WARM

Wetsuits are essential gear for water enthusiasts engaging in activities like surfing, diving, snorkeling, and more. They serve a crucial function in keeping the wearer warm, allowing them to enjoy their aquatic pursuits comfortably even in colder waters. But how exactly does a wetsuit achieve this feat of warmth? In this comprehensive guide, we delve into the science behind wetsuit insulation, exploring the various factors that contribute to its effectiveness in maintaining body heat.

  • Thermal Insulation Mechanisms:

a. Trapping a Layer of Water:

  • The process of thermal insulation begins with the wetsuit trapping a thin layer of water between the neoprene material and the wearer's skin.

  • This layer of water quickly heats up to match the body temperature, creating a warm microclimate around the wearer's body.

b. Material and Thickness:

  • Wetsuits today mainly utilize limestone neoprene or Yulex rubbers prized for their insulation properties and eco-friendliness. The rubber's quality significantly impacts warmth, with Japanese Yamamoto #39 & #40 limestone neoprene (99.7% water impermeable) being renowned as the warmest and lightest option on the market.

  • The thickness of the neoprene foam dictates insulation levels, with thicker millimeter foam retaining more heat and offering superior insulation. Additionally, a high-quality thermal fleece lining inside the suit can further enhance warmth.c. Preventing Water Flow:

c. Minimizing Heat Loss & Water Temperatures:

  • The snug fit of the wetsuit prevents water from flushing in and out, maintaining the warm layer of water next to the skin.

  • The colder the water, the thicker the wetsuit required to provide adequate insulation.

  • Wetsuit thickness recommendations vary based on water temperature ranges, with thinner suits suitable for warmer waters and thicker suits necessary for colder temperatures.

d. Personal Cold Tolerance:

  • Individual differences in cold sensitivity influence wetsuit selection, with some individuals requiring thicker suits for comfort even in milder conditions.

e. Activity Level:

  • The level of physical activity affects body heat generation; more active surf sessions or long lulls between sets can impact heat generation.

f. Fit:

  • A properly fitting wetsuit should be snug to prevent water ingress but not so tight as to restrict movement or circulation.

  • The fit ensures optimal thermal insulation and comfort during water activities.

g. Additional Layers:

  • In extremely cold conditions, additional thermal layers such as rash guards, vests, can be layered with the wetsuit for enhanced warmth.

h. Black Wetsuits:

  • Black wetsuits tend to be warmer due to their ability to absorb more sunlight and heat.

  • The absorbed solar radiation increases the warmth of the water layer trapped inside the wetsuit, enhancing insulation.

i. Colored Wetsuits:

  • Lighter-colored wetsuits, such as white or yellow, reflect more sunlight and heat, potentially making them feel cooler in colder waters.

  • While beneficial for maintaining comfort in warmer conditions, colored wetsuits may provide less insulation in colder environments.

j. Chest Zip Wetsuits:

    • Advantages:

    • Better seal and reduced water flushing due to higher entry point on the chest.

    • Increased flexibility and freedom of movement.

    • Enhanced warmth with fewer openings.

    • Disadvantages:

    • More challenging to put on and take off.

    • Potential discomfort with tight neck entry for some wearers.

k. Back Zip Wetsuits:

    • Advantages:

    • Easier to put on and take off, especially for individuals with limited mobility.

    • Comfortable neck entry without zipper.

    • Disadvantages:

    • Increased potential for water flushing through lower entry point.

    • Reduced flexibility and potential for cold spots along the back seam.

Conclusion:

Wetsuits employ various mechanisms to keep wearers warm in aquatic environments, including trapping a layer of water, utilizing insulating neoprene material, preventing water flow, and minimizing heat loss. Factors such as water temperature, personal cold tolerance, activity level, fit, and additional layers influence the selection of wetsuit thickness. Additionally, the color, zip style, quality of thermal fleece and rubber of the wetsuit can impact its insulation properties and wearer comfort. Understanding these principles enables water enthusiasts to make informed decisions when choosing wetsuits for their specific needs and conditions. 

Generally, wetsuit thickness is categorized as follows:

These temperature ranges are approximate and can vary based on personal preference and other factors such wind chill, air temperature, and duration of exposure. It's always a good idea to consider multiple factors and consult local experts for specific recommendations based on your location and intended water activities.tory online can make all the difference.

Angela Horacek
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